| Stamping / forming | Flat or formed repeat parts, simple profiles, volume programs | Excellent repeatability; geometry must suit dies/forming | Lower at scale | Tooling first, then efficient | $–$$ | Clean, consistent, production-oriented |
| Laser cutting / engraving | Flat profiles, logos, line work, personalization, surface details | Great for controlled 2D detail; does not create every deep 3D form | Flexible | Shorter for suitable designs | $–$$ | Crisp lines / controlled texture |
| CNC machining | Geometric precision, heavier sections, technical components | Tool access and machining time matter; tiny inaccessible internal detail remains limited | Flexible to medium | Medium | $$–$$$ | Sharp, precise, engineered |
| Investment casting | Organic 3D forms, sculptural shapes, complex volume | Needs manufacturable wall thickness, feed/finish planning; very fine digital textures may soften | Project dependent | Medium / longer development | $$–$$$ | 3D, sculptural, organic |
| Assembly / mixed process | Complex concepts combining parts, stones, chains or cords | More joints and QC points; engineering must control tolerance stack-up | Project dependent | Often longer | $$–$$$ | More visual freedom |